Zener diode examples and circuit analysis book pdf by alvin. Compare the theoretical and practical values cutin voltage and resistances. A zener diode is constructed for operation in the reverse breakdown region. Zener diodes are in stock with sameday shipping at mouser electronics from industry leading manufacturers. Zener diode class 12 cbse physics practical youtube. The zener voltage is an essential parameter for choosing a zener diode for. This was a bad thing before the whole avalanche breakdown, large current. User may specify either, both, or neither of the at least and no more than values. When the input voltage increases and reaches the zener breakdown voltage, the current through the diode will create a voltage drop across the resistor. Here you will easily find the practical file notes of physics.
Cbse physics practical class 12 lab manual physics practical class 12 find out more about the cbse physics practical class 12 syllabus and the other experiments that you need to focus on. Use the diode equation for that state to solve the circuit equations and find i d and v d 3. Cbse practicals for class 12 physics lab manual work list of experiments to be performed for class 12 during practical exams in physics subject. Uses of zener diode and its practical application in real life. Example zener diode circuit analysis blank ku ittc.
The iv characteristics curve of a zener diode, shown below, is the curve which shows the current. Zener diode has the property of behaving like a dc battery in on state. To study the characteristics of commonemitter npn or pnp transistor and to find out the values of current and voltage gains. Power is calculated by multiplying current by voltage pie, so we can calculate power dissipations for both the resistor and the zener diode quite easily.
Jun 17, 2015 physics investigatory project on zener diode as a voltage regulator 1. In todays tutorial, we will discuss what is the zener diode. Refractive index of the material of the given prism 1. How the energy gap changes with i doping ii temperature. Explain how normal diodes might be used as crude substitutes for a zener diode in the following circuit. V z zener voltage v z is the reverse voltage at which breakdown occurs in a zener diode. Zener diode has the property of behaving like a dc battery in on state i. A zener diode is a heavily doped silicon crystal diode which allows current to flow in the forward direction in the same manner as an ideal diode. Jan 21, 2014 exp7 to draw characteristics of a zener diode and to determine its reverse breakdown voltage. The zener diode working principles and its various applications.
Zener diode class 12 cbse physics practical harshita kalsi. Typically there is also a minimum current required for the operation of the diode. Read on to know the key preparation tips to excel in your cbse class 12 physics practical exams. Assuming the number of lines per unit metre of the grating, determine the wavelength of green, blue and yellow lines of mercury spectrum. For this reason, they are also referred to as voltageregulator diodes. The only way to tell which device has failed is to remove the resistors and check them with an ohmmeter. Zener diode circuit analysis consider the circuit below. The maximum voltage rating specifies how much reverse voltage a diode can withstand before breakdown occurs. The current, izm, of a zener diode is the maximum current that can flow through a zener diode at its rated voltage, vz. Zener diode examples and circuit analysis book pdf by.
Oct 12, 2016 basic zener regulator analysis procedure step 1 determine the state of the zener diode by removing it from the network and calculating the voltage across the resulting open circuit. To draw the characteristic curve of a zener diode and to determine its reverse breakdown voltage. To make a practical file of any subject, we first have to search all the topics on the internet and book and it takes a lot of hard work and time to create a. Zener diode breakdown voltages can range from 2 to 200 v. In this experiment, we try to observe the relation between the voltage and. Breakdown voltage is also known as zener knee voltage. To draw the characteristic curve of a zener diode and. This needs to be taken into account if the circuit and equipment in which the zener diode is to be used is subject to temperature change. The zener still conducts electricity in the forward direction like any other diode, but also conducts in the reverse direction, if the voltage applied is reversed and larger than the zener breakdown voltage. The diode consists of a special, heavily doped pn junction, designed to conduct in the reverse direction when a certain specified voltage is reached. Why is meterbridge reading used to get values at the middle of the bridge. In the state of reverse biasing the current does not pass through this diode, only small current pass.
These conditions destroy normal diodes, but a zener conducts a small amount of current. Click on the list to get the details of the experiments for lab manual works. Zener diodes are simple and useful devices for building voltage regulator circuits, but are times when you may have to improvise in the absence of the proper zener diode. Zener diodes or voltage reference diodes are used in a variety of circuits to enable them to provide a voltage reference. Zener diode is nothing but a single diode connected in a reverse bias mode and zener diode can be connected in reverse bias positive in a circuit as shown as picture.
For example, a dc motor can produce a surge voltage because it continues to. In the circuit below, we feed the zener diode and a 1k. This article will help to explain the characteristics which make up zener diodes, specifically how the voltage across a zener diode varies with the current flowing through it. How to test a zener diode learning about electronics. When the voltage across the terminals is reversed and the potential reaches the zener voltage or knee, the junction will break down and current will flow in the reverse direction a desired characteristic. A zener diode with small reverse breakdown voltage of about 6 volts, i. A zener diode is constructed for operation in the reverse breakdown re gion.
The heart of the zener voltagereference is shown in the. Zener diode based integrated filters, an alternative to traditional emi filter devices by lepkowski and johnson power switching, sudden load changes or a short circuit fault in the power distribution system. Exp7 to draw characteristics of a zener diode and to determine its reverse breakdown voltage. What are some common questions asked in viva in the cbse 12. Physics practical class 12 all study guide at one place. Coed school kolar road bhoapl department of physics project report investigatoryproject on pn junction and diodes project report submitted by govind patel submitted to mrs ratna hajela. A zener diode is a special type of device designed to operate in the zener breakdown region. To draw the iv characteristic curve of the given zener diode in reverse bias. Zener diode symbol zener diode circuit zener diode vi characteristics zener diode working zener diode applications faqs. By using an led and a zener diode we can create a circuit which gives turns on the led when a voltage exceeds a certain value. Zener diode temperature characteristic it can be seen in the example given that there is a noticeable difference between the specification for the zener diode reverse voltage at 0c and 50c. Zener diode working with circuit diagram and applications. Zener diodes are silicon diodes specifically constructed to operate in what is known as the breakdown region.
But zener breakdown voltage occurs when the reverse bias voltage is greater than a predetermined voltage. Zener diodes when we first talked about practical diodes, it was mentioned that a parameter associated with the diode in the reverse bias region was the breakdown voltage, v br, also known as the peakinverse voltage piv. Refractive index of the material of the given prism where a is the angle of the prism d is the angle of minimum deviation diagrams. The package contains following virtual physics experiments. Physics practical class 12 find out more about the cbse physics practical class 12 syllabus and the other experiments that you need to focus on. The symbol of a zener diode is shown in fig for normal operation of a zener diode, in breakdown region, the current through the diode should be limited by an external circuit. A zener diode is a diode designed to operate in the breakdown region. Cbse physics practical class 12 lab manual learn cbse. V z0 is the voltage at which the straightline approximation of the iv characteristic intersects the horizontal axis.
Easily share your publications and get them in front of issuus. The page describes the experiments for determining zener voltage. The voltage must be higher than the rated zener voltage of the zener diode. A zener diode is a silicon semiconductor device that permits current to flow in either a forward or reverse direction. To determine the specific resistance of material of wire using a metre bridge. Experiment zener diode characteristic curve and break down voltage 12th cbse.
If the zener diode is shunted across the load rl and the voltage across zener diode is more than the zener voltage vz then zener diode is on on state, and any variation in voltage across the zener diode due to variations either in supply voltage or in load. Dec 14, 2016 cbse practicals for class 12 physics lab manual work list of experiments to be performed for class 12 during practical exams in physics subject. Jan 29, 2016 zener diode class 12 cbse physics practical harshita kalsi. To see the circuit diagram, click on the showhide circuit diagram check box seen inside the simulator window. The preliminary adjustments for telescope, prism and the collimator are done. They can also be used in other circuits apart from just providing a voltage reference. When measuring the voltage across the zener diode, it must measure a voltage near its rated zener voltage. Zener diode examples and circuit analysis by alvin issuu.
Zener diode as a voltage regulator working principles. Zener diode is a reverse biased heavily doped semiconductor silicon or germanium pn junction diode, which is operated exclusively in the breakdown region. Class 12 physics lab manual work ncert study rankers. Basic zener regulator analysis procedure step 1 determine the state of the zener diode by removing it from the network and calculating the voltage across the resulting open circuit. Cbse class 12 physics syllabus 201920 is available for download in pdf format. Mouser is an authorized distributor for many zener diode manufacturers including central semiconductor, diodes inc, microsemi, nexperia, on semiconductor. There are many circuits that use zener diodes, ranging from very simple zener diode circuits, up to far more complicated ones. To draw the iv characteristic curves of a pn junction diode in forward bias and reverse bias. Sep 10, 2016 pn junction and zener diode 12 class project. Connections can be made as seen in the circuit diagram by clicking and dragging the mouse from one connecting terminal to the other connecting terminal of the devices to be connected. Understand zener diode datasheet specifications electronics. The list of experiments include the practicals from physics and truly based ncert physics laboratory manual books.
Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. To determine resistance per cm of a given wire by plotting a graph of potential difference versus current. It also permits the current to flow in the reverse direction when the voltage is above a certain value known as the breakdown voltage. To draw the characteristic curve of a zener diode and to. Not for examination to find the angle of prism to find the angle of minimum deviation procedure. Electrical characteristics tamb 25 c, unless otherwise specified part number zener voltage range 1 test current reverse leakage dynamic resistance f 1 khz surge current 3 regulator 2. The relationship is obtained by applying kvl and it is vs vg r im. The circuit symbol of zener diode is as shown in the figure. Zener diode as a voltage regulator zener diode is a silicon semiconductor with a pn junction that is specifically designed to work in the reverse biased condition.
If you also study in class xii and want to download the practical file of physics, then you have come to the right place. Zener diode is a pn junction diode specially designed to operate in the reverse. To draw the characteristic curve of a zener diode and to determine its reverse break down voltage. When forward biased, it behaves like a normal signal diode, but when the reverse voltage is applied to it, the voltage remains constant for a wide range of currents. The way science projects are developed in this package is enough to get reallife lab experience in field of software development. The zener diode specially made to have a reverse voltage breakdown at a specific voltage.
Note that the load resistor r l is in parallel with the zener diode, so that the voltage v o across this load resistor is equal to the zener diode voltage v z. Write down all circuit equations and simplify as much as possible 2. The main use of zener diode lies in the fact that the voltage across a zener diode remains constant for a larger change in current. Zener diodes acts like normal pn junction diodes under forward biased condition. Recipe for solving diode circuits state of diode is unknown before solving the circuit 1. Coed school kolar road bhoapl department of physics project report investigatoryproject on pn junction and diodes project report submitted by govind patel submitted to mrs ratna hajela registerationno. For normal operation of a zener diode, in breakdown region, the current through the diode should be limited by an external circuit. What are some common questions asked in viva in the cbse. Meter bridge determination of specific resistance experiment edunovus online smart practicals duration. In a dc circuit, zener diode can be used as a voltage regulator or to provide voltage reference. A zener diode is a type of diode that allows current to flow in the conventional manner from its anode to its cathode i. If the resistors are good, then zener diode is bad. Also get tips to score maximum marks in cbse 12th physics practicals 2019. Dec 02, 2016 to draw the characteristic curve of a zener diode and to determine its reverse breakdown voltage.
Analysis and measurement of a zener diode voltagereference. Physics practical file for class 12 pdf download gkpur. Pn junction diode characteristics experiment edunovus online smart practicals duration. The zener diode working principles and its various. As a rough rule of thumb, this can be around 5 to 10 ma for a typical leaded 400 mw device. The schematic symbol for a zener diode is shown above it is very similar to that of a regular diode, but with bent edges on the bar. Feb 01, 2018 to study the characteristics of a zener diode, class 12, physics experiment. It maintains a constant voltage across the device, so it is typically employed as a simple voltage regulator in many circuits. Virtual physics lab practical package for 12th cbsegseb. It contains most of 12th cbsegsebicse standard practicals. Feb 29, 2020 cbse class 12 physics syllabus 201920 is available for download in pdf format. Adjust the grating for normal incidence method using the spectrometer.
Link to download ncert based cbse syllabus for class 12 physics is given at the end of this article. In normal diodes, the breakdown voltage is very high and the diode gets damaged totally if a voltage above the breakdown diode is applied, but in zener diodes, the breakdown voltage is not as high and does not lead to permanent damage of the zener diode if the voltage is applied as the reverse voltage applied to the zener diode increases towards the. Physics lab activity bookclassxiifree practical based mcq. Experiment zener diode characteristic curve and break down. When forward biased voltage is applied to the zener diode it allows large amount of electric current and blocks only a. The zener diode has a welldefined reversebreakdown voltage, at which it. Zener diodes are created to operate optimally when they are reversebiased and, instead of being destroyed, will conduct electricity under conditions where normal a diode s breakdown voltages are reached. Physics lab activity bookclassxiifree practical based. A diode can be defined as the fundamental electronic component that allows the flow of electricity in one direction only.
1397 248 1514 1076 1413 669 180 970 28 300 840 1217 1145 360 1613 581 662 351 129 1330 1417 30 589 318 631 554 62 670 1224 54 1066 1177 629 889 939 536 727 267 1122 91 1431 1439